Chlorpyrifos-induced testicular damage in rats: The effect of glutathione antioxidant

Authors

  • E. E. Elsharkawy Departement of Fronsic Med. And Toxicology Fac. Vet .MED. Assuit University, Egypt
  • D. Yahia Departement of Fronsic Med. And Toxicology Fac. Vet .MED. Assuit University, Egypt
  • N.A. El-Nisr Animal Health Institute of Research- Egypt

Keywords:

Chlorpyriphos, Testosterone, Alkaline phosphatase, Oxidative stress, Spermatogenesis

Abstract

This study investigated the induction of oxidative stress in the testis of adult rat exposed to Chlorpyriphos (CPF). CPF was administered orally, in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight to male rats for 90 days/ twice/ weekly. Co- administration of water soluble non enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was given in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, oral, for the same period. Another two groups of male rats were administered GSH and corn oil, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase were decreased while the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in the testicular tissues of the exposed animals. Testosterone hormone level in the serum was significantly decreased. The decrease in the histochemical determination of testicular alkaline phosphatase was observed in CPF-treated rats. A significant decrease in all stages of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules was recorded in the exposed animals. Co-dministration of GSH restored these parameters.

References

Aitken, J.R., and Clarkson, J.S., 1987. Cellular basis of defective sperm function and its association with the genesis

of reactive oxygen species by human spermatozoa. J. Reprod. Fertil., 81, 459–69.

Aitken, J.R., Clarkson, J.S., Fishel, S., 1989. Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and humal

sperm function. Biol. Reprod., 40, 183–97.

Bagchi D, Balmoori J, Bagchi M, Ye X, Williams CB, Stohs SJ. 2002. Comparative effects of TCDD, endrin,

naphthalene and chromium (IV) on oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver and brain tissues of mice.

Toxicol., 175, 73–82.

Bairy, K.L., (2006). Neonatal methyl parathion exposure aVects the growth and functions of the male reproductive

system in the adult rat. Folia Morphol (Warsz), 65, 26–33

Banerjee, B.D., Seth, V., Bhattacharya, A., Pasha, S.T., Chakraborty, A.K., 1999.

Biochemical effect of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free radical scavengers, Toxicol. Lett., 107, 33–37.

Buege, J.A., and Aust S.D., 1978 .Microsomal lipid peroxidation, Methods Enzymol. 52 302–310.

Carlberg, I., Mannervik, B., 1975. Purification and characterization of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase from

rat liver. J. Biol. Chem., 250, 5474–5480.

Chitra, K.C., Sujatha, R., Latchoumycandane, C., Mathur, P.P., 2001. Effect of

lindane on antioxidant enzymes in epididymis and epididymal sperm of adult rats. Asian J. Androl., 3, 205–8.

Debnath, D., Mandal, T.K., 2000. Study of quinalphos (an environmental oestrogenic insecticide) formulation

(Ekalux 25 E.C.)-induced damage of the testicular tissues and antioxidant defence systems in Sprague–Dawley

albino rats. J. Appl. Toxicol., 20, 197–204.

Farag, A.T., El-Okazy, A.M., El-Aswed, A.F., 2003. Developmental toxicity study of chlorpyrifos in rats. Reprod.

Toxicol., 17, 203–8.

Farag, A.T., Radwana, H.A., Sorourb,F., El Okazyc, A., El-Agamyd, E., El-Sebaea, A., (2010). Chlorpyrifos induced

reproductive toxicity in male mice. Reprod. Toxicol., 29, 80–85.

Franca, L.R., Hass, R.A., Cooke, P.S. and Russell, L.D., 1995. Neonatal hypothyroidism causes delayed Sertoli cell

maturation in rats treated with prophylthiour acyl: evidence that the Sertoli cell controls testis growth. Anat.

Rec., 242, 57 – 69.

Gultekin, F., Delibas, N., Yasar, S., Kilinc, I., 2001. In vivo changes in antioxidant systems and protective role of

melatonin and a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative damage in erythrocytes induced by

chlorpyrifos-ethyl in rats. Arch. Toxicol., 75, 88–96

Gurunathan, S.J., Bukowske, P.J., 1998. Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to

children. Environ. Health Perspect., 106.

Hogg, N., Sem, 1998. Reprod. Endocrinol., 16, 241.

Jett, D. A., Navoa, R.V. 2000. In vitro and in vivo effects of chlorpyrifos on glutathione peroxidase and catalase in

developing rat brain, NeuroToxicology, 21, 141–146.

Joshi, S.C., Mathur, R., Gulati, N., 2007. Testicular toxicity of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide) in albino

rat. Toxicol Ind Health;23 (7):439–44.

Karanth, S., Liu, J., Oliver, K., Pope, C., 2004. Interactive toxicity of the organophosphorus insecticides

chlorpyriphos and methyl parathion in rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196 183–190.

Kidd, H., James, D.R., editors. 1991. The agrochemicals handbook. 3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of

Chemistry Information Services.

Kobayashi, T., Miyazaki, T., Natori, M., Nozawa, S., 1991. Protective role of superoxide dismutase in human sperm

motility: superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxide in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Hum.

Reprod., 6, 987–91.

Kubota, K., Ohsako, S., Kurosawa, S., Takeda, K., Qing, W., Sakaue, M., Kawakami, T., Ishimura, R., Tohyama, C.,

EVects of vinclozolin administration on sperm production and testosterone biosynthetic pathway in

adult male rat. J. Reprod. Dev., 49, 403–412.

Latchoumycandane, C., Chitra, K.C., Mathur, P.P., 2002. The effects of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the

mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of rat testis. Toxicology, 171, 127–35.

Layne, E.L., Coddingtan, A.B., Ramjit, H.G. and Calby, H.O. 1993. Identification of spironolactone metabolites in

plasma and target organs of guinea pig. Drug. Metabol. Dispos., 21 (6), 1086- 90.

Lee, A., East, J., Balgaug, P., 1991. Interactions of insecticides with biological membranes. Pestic. Sci., 32, 317–327.

Linn, S., 1998 . DNA damage by iron and hydrogen peroxide in vitro and in vivo. Drug Metab Rev., 30, 313–326.

Lodovici, M., Aiolli, S., Monsenat, C., Dolara, P., Medica, A., Di Simplicio, P., 1994. Effect of mixture of 15 commonly

used pesticides on DNA levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rat

liver. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol., 13,163–168.

Maellaro, E., Casini, A.F., Dell Bello, B., Comporti, M., 1990 . Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in the liver

injury produced by glutathione depleting agents, Biochem. Pharmacol., 39, 1513–1521.

Manna. P.R., Roy, P., Clark, B.J., Stocco, D.M., Huhtaniemi, I.T., 2001a. Interaction of thyroid hormone and

steridigenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in the regulation of murine leydig cell steroidogenesis. J. Steroid.

Biochem. Mol. Biol., 76, 167–77.

Manna, P.R., Kero, J., Tena-sempere, M., Pakarinen, P., Stocco, D.M, Huhtaniemi, I.T. 2001b. Assessment of

mechanisms of thyroid hormone action in mouse leydig cells: regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory

protein, steridogenesis, and luteinizing hormone receptors function. Endocrinol., 142, 319–31.

Marklund, S., Marklund, G., 1974. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in autooxidation of pyrogallol and a

convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 469–474.

Marrs, T.C., 1993. Organophosphate poisoning, Pharmacol. Ther.,58, 51–66.

Murono, E.P., Lin, T., Osterman, J., Nankin, H.R., 1980. The effects of cytochalasin B on testosterone synthesis by

interstitial cells of rat testis. Biochem Biophys Acta., 633, 228–36.

Mutch, E., Williams, F.M., 2007. Diazinon, Chlorpyriphos and parathion are metabolised by multiple cytochrome

P450 in human liver, Toxicol., 224, 22–32.

Narayana, K., Prashanthi, N., Nayanatara, A., Kumar, H.H., Abhilash, K., Bairy, K.L, 2006. Neonatal methyl parathion

exposure aVects the growth and functions of the male reproductive system in the adult rat. Folia. Morphol.

(Warsz), 65,26–33.

Peltola, V., Mantalya, E., Huhtaniemi, I., Ahotupa, M., 1994. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in

the rat testis after cigarette smoke inhalation or administration of polychlorinated biphenyls or

polychlorinated naphthalenes. J. Androl., 15, 353–61.

Qiao, D., Seidler, F.J., Tate, C.A., Cousins, M.M., Slotkin, T.A., 2003. Fetal chlorpyrifos exposure: adverse effects on

brain cell development and cholinergic biomarkers emerge postnatal and continue into adolescence and

adulthood. Environ. Health perspect., 111, 536–44

Rana, S.V.S., Allen, T., Singh, R., 2002. Inevitable glutathione, then and now. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 40,706-16.

Rawlings, N.C., Cook, S.J., Waldbillig, D., 1998. Effects of the pesticides carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate,

lindane, triallate, trifluralin, 2,4-D, and pentachlorophenol on the metabolic endocrine and reproductive

endocrine system in ewes. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A., 54(1), 21–36.

Richardson, R.J., Moore, T.B., Kayyali, U.S., Fowke, J.H., Randall, J.C., 1993. Inhibition of hen brain

acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase by chlorpyriphos in vivo and kinetics of inhibition by

chlorpyriphos oxon in vitro: application to assessment of neuropathic risk. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 20, 273–

Selvam, R., 2002. Calcium oxalate stone disease: role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants. Urol. Res., 30, 35–47.

Setchell, B.P., 1974. Secretions of the testis and epidedymis. J. Rep. Fert., 37, 165-177.

Seven, A., Guzel, S., Seymen, O., Civelek, S., Bolayirh, M., Uncu, M., Burc¸ G., 2004. Effects of vitamin E

supplementation on oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: investigation of liver and plasma.

Yonsei Med. J., 45, 703–710.

Sujatha, R., Chitra, K.C., Latchoumycandane, C., Mathur, P.P., 2001. Effect of lindane on testicular antioxidant

system and steroidogenic enzymes in adult rats. Asian J. Androl., 3, 135–8.

Suresh Babu, N., Malik, J.K., Rao, G.S., Aggarwal, M., Ranganathan, V., 2006. Effects of subchronic malathion

exposure on the pharmacokinetic disposition of pefloxacin. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 22, 167–171.

Tian, Y., Ishikawa, H., Yamaguchi, T., Yamauchi, T., Yokoyama, K., 2005. Teratogenic and developmental toxicity of

chlorpyrifos maternal exposure during organogenesis in mice. Reprod. Toxicol., 20, 267–71.

USDA, 1994. Agriculture Chemical Usage. Field Crop Study. Washington,DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture, pp.,

–432.

Verma, R.S., Srivastava, N., 2001. Chlorpyrifos induced alterations in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive

substances and glutathione in rat brain. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 39,174–177.

Verma, R.S., Srivastava, N., 2003. Effect of chlorpyrifos on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, scavenging

enzymes and glutathione in rat tissues. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 40, 423–428.

Verma, R.S., Mehta, A., Srivastava, N., 2007. In vivo chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stres: attenuation by antioxidant

vitamins. Pestic. Biochem. Phys., 88, 191–196.

Verma, R.S.A., Mehta, A., Srivastava, N., 2009. Comparative studies on chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion induced

oxidative stress in different parts of rat brain: Attenuation by antioxidant vitamins. Pestici. Biochem. Phys.,

, 152–158.

Walsh, L.P., McCormick, C., Martin, C., Stocco, D.M. 2000. Roundup inhibits steroidogenesis by disrupting

steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression. Environ. Health Presp., 108, 776–96.

WHO, The WHO 1997. Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard 1996–1997, International Programme

on Chemical Safety, WHO/IPCS/96.3.

Yasmashita, M., Tanaka, J., Ando, Y., 1997. Human mortality in organophosphate poisonings, Vet. Hum. Toxicol.,

, 84–85.

Published

2013-07-30

How to Cite

E. Elsharkawy, E., Yahia, D. ., & El-Nisr, N. . (2013). Chlorpyrifos-induced testicular damage in rats: The effect of glutathione antioxidant. Scientific Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2(7), 90-100. Retrieved from https://www.sjournals.com/index.php/sjva/article/view/1463

Issue

Section

Original Article