Effect of raw diatomaceous earth and plant powders on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic.) infesting stored bambara groundnut seeds

Authors

  • N. D. Ibrahim Department of Crop Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
  • A. Audu Department of Agric Tech. Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Nigeria
  • M. C. Dike Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • M. Lawal Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

Keywords:

Raw diatomaceous earth, Plant powders, Bambara groundnut seeds, Callosobruchus subinnotatus

Abstract

Experiments were conducted on the efficacy of raw DE and plant powders (Jatropha curcas seed and leaf powders of Eucalyptus and Ricinus) for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus subinnotatus infesting stored bambara groundnut seeds. The treatments consisted of the raw DE, plant powders, actellic dust (2%) as check and an untreated control. Thirty adults 0-3 days old were used to infest 100 g bambara groundnut seeds (cv. Ka’aro). Raw DE was used at 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9g/100g seeds and plants powders at 0.5, 1.0, and 2 .0g/100g seeds each replicated three times in completely randomized design. Adult mortality was recorded from 24 to 96 hours; progeny emergence as well as percentage seed damage and viability were assessed. The result revealed that, raw DE at 0.9g recorded significant (P<0.05) mortality of 78.81% and JSP at 2.0g gave 63.52 % mortality both after 24 h of exposure. Higher mortality was observed for higher dosage of all treatments after 96 h. Progeny production was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in treated seeds. The results therefore suggested that, raw DE and plant powders are prom­ising alternatives to synthetic pesticides against C. subinnotatus in bambara groundnut seeds.

References

Abbott, W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econon. Entomol. 18, 265–267.

Aldryhim, Y.N., 1995. Efficacy of the amorphous silica dust, Dryacide, against Tribolium canfusum and Sitophilus

oryzae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae and Curculinoidae). J. Stor. Prod. Res. 26, 207-210.

Allotey, J., Azalekor, W., 2000. Some aspects of the biology and control using botanicals of the rice moth, Corcyra

cephalonica (Stainton), on some pulses. J. Stor. Prod. Res. 36(3), 235-243

Araya, G., Emana, G., 2009. Evaluation of botanical plant powders against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman)

(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored haricot beans under laboratory condition. Afri. J. Agri. Res. 4 (10), 1073-

Arthur, F.H., Throne, J.E., 2003. Efficacy of diatomaceous earth to control internal infestations of rice weevil and

maize weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econo. Entomol. 96(2), 510-518.

Athanassiou, C.G., Kavallieratos, N.G., Dimizas, C.B., Vayias, B.J., Tomanovic, Z., 2006. Factors affecting the

insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth formulatiuon SilicoSec against adults of the rice weevil,

Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 41, 201-207.

Baba-Tierto, N., 1994. Ability of powders and slurries from ten plant species to protect stored grains from attack by

Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera:

Curculionidae). J. Stor. Prod. Res. 30,297–301.

Brough, S.H., Azam-Ali, S.N., 1992. The effect of soil moisture on the proximate composition of bambara groundnut

(Vigna subterranea L. Verdc). J. Sci. Food Agri. 60, 197-203.

Caswell, G.H., 1980. A review of the work done in the Entomology section of the Institute for Agricultural Research

on pests of stored grain. Samaru. Misc. Paper. (Nigeria). 99, 12.

Coudert, M.J., 1982. Market openings in West Africa for cowpeas and bambara groundnuts. Inter. Trad. Technol. X,

-241.

Enobakhare, D.A., Law-Ogbomo, K.E., 2002. Reduction of postharvest loss caused by Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) in

three varieties of maize treated with plant products. Postharvest Sci. 1, 1–6.

Haines, C.P., 1991. Insects and Arachnids of Tropical Stored Products: Their Biology and Identification (2nd edition)

Crown, Chatham, Kent, UK. 246pp.

Isman, M.B., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly

regulated world. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 51,45–66

Kabir, B.G.J., Mohammed, F.K., Gambo, B.A., 2010. Diatomaceous Earth:Organic Protectant. Pp.159-164 In: Kwari,

J. D., Dugje, I. Y., Gwary, D. M., Alhassan, A. B., Raji, O.A., Sotannde, O.A., Mailafiya, D.M., and Sastawa, B. M.

(eds). Organic Agriculture: Panacea for sustainable environment and food security. Proceeding of the 6th

National Conference on Organic Agriculture. Held at. University of Maiduguri, 21st -24th November, 2010.

Kabir, B.G.J., Lawan, M., Gambo, F.M., 2011. Efficacy and persistence of raw Diatomaceous Earth against Tribolium

casteneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored maize, sorghum and wheat. Acad. J. Entomol. 4

(2),51.58.

Lale, N.E.S., 2002. Stored Product Entomology and Acarology in tropical Africa. Mole Publication, Maiduguri,

Nigeria. 204pp.

Mvumi, B.M., Stathers, T.E., Kaparadza, V., Mukoyi, F., Masiiwa, P., Jowah, P., Riwa, W., 2008. Comparative

insecticidal efficacy of five raw African diatomaceous earths against three tropical stored grain Coleopteran

pests: Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica pp. 868-876. In: Lorini, I.,

Bacaltchuk, B., Beckel, H., Deckers, E., Sundfeld, E., dos Santos, J. P.,Biagi, J. D., Celaro, J. C., Faroni, L. R. D. ’A.,

Bortolini, L. O. F .de, Sartori, M.R.,Elias, M.C., Guedes, R.N.C., da Fonseca, R.G., Scussel, V.M. (eds.),

Proceedings of the Nineth International Conference on Stored-Product Protection,15-18, October, Campinas,

Brazil. ABRAPOS, Rodovia.

Ofuya, T.I., 1990. Oviposition deterrence and ovicidal properties of some plant powders against Callosobruchus

maculatus in stored cowpea seeds. J. Agri. Sci. 115, 343-345.

Ogendo, J.O., Deng, A.L., Belmain, S.R., Walker, D.J., Musandu, A.A.O., 2004. Effect of insecticidal plant materials,

Lantana camara L. and Tephrosia vogelii Hook, on the quality parameters of stored maize grains. J. Food

Technol. Africa. 9, 29-36.

Ojanuga, A.G., 2006. Agroecological Zones of Nigeria Manual.National Special Programme for Food

Security/FAO.Abuja, Nigeria. 124 pp.

Oparaeke, A.M., Bunmi, J.O., 2006. Bioactivity of two powdered spices [Piper guineense Thonn & Schum and

Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Richard] as homemade insecticides against Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic.)

on stored bambarra groundnut. Agri. Trop. Subtrop. 39(2),132-135.

Prevett, P.F., 1966. Observations on the biology of six species of (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) in northern Nigeria.

Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 102 , 174-180

Sellschop, J.P.F., 1962. Cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Field Crop Abstracts, 15, 259-266.

Stathers, T.E., Mvumi, B.M., Chigariro, J., Mudiwa, M., Golob, P., 2000. Grain storage pest management using inert

dusts. Final Technical Report, DFID R7034, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK, 66 pp.

Subramanyam, B.H., Roesli., R., 2000. Inert dusts, pp. 321–380. In: Subramanyam, B. H., and Hagstrum, D. W.( eds).

Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Tapondjou, L.A., Adlerb, C., Boudaa, H., Fontemc, D.A., 2002. Efficacy of powder and essential oil from

Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves as post-harvest grain protectants against six-stored product beetles. J.

Stor. Prod. Res. 38, 395–402.

Umar, Y.F., 2008. Comparative potentials of leaf, bark and wood powders of J. curcas as protectants of stored

cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus F. Savannah J. Agri. 3,86-92.

Zar, J.H., 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall. 718pp.

Zettler, J.L., Cuperus, G.W., 1990. Pesticides resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) and

Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera : Bostrichidae) in wheat. J. Econ. Entomol. 83,1677-1681.

Published

2012-10-30

How to Cite

D. Ibrahim, N., Audu, A. ., C. Dike, M., & Lawal, M. . (2012). Effect of raw diatomaceous earth and plant powders on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic.) infesting stored bambara groundnut seeds. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 9-16. Retrieved from http://www.sjournals.com/index.php/sjpas/article/view/1040

Issue

Section

Agriculture