Effect of growth stages and systems on range vegetation characteristics in el Rosa, north Kordofan, Sudan
Keywords:
Biomass, Plant cover and density, Bare soil, Litter, FrequencyAbstract
The range vegetation characteristics were studied in closed and open systems at flowering and seeding in (El Rosa) El khuwei locality at September and November 2009. Sampling was using 2Km2 plots in a radiating manner from the centre of plot. CRD was used to analyses all parameters. Results of biomass, plant density and plant cover in the closed systems at the flowering were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher. These parameters were significantly lower in the open system at seeding. Bare soil and litter were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in the open system at seeding. Total forage productivity kg/ha was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the closed system at the flowering and least in the open system at seeding. Carrying capacity was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in closed system at seeding and leas in open at flowering. Stoking rates in the closed system at flowering were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher and least in the open system at seeding. Plant frequencies were higher in the closed system at the two growth stages than open system like Huskneet (Cenchrus biflorus) Bano (Eragrostis tremula) Gaw (Aristida sp) Difra (Echinocloa colonum) Aboelrakhus (Andropogon gayanus) Fisiya (Fimbristyls hispidula) and Tmrfar (Oldenlandia senegalensis) had higher frequencies. However leflef (Luffa aegyptiaca) and Himeira (Hymenocardia acida) had lower frequencies. Simeima (Sesamum alatum) Buid (Commelinia subulata) Abodaib (Ceraotheca sesamoid) Shuleny (Zornia glochidiata) and Rabaa (Zalea sp) were found only in the closed system at flowering. Nuida (Sida cordofolia) were only found in the open system at the two growth stages. It was concluded that the closed system had higher plant density and cover, biomass, plant frequencies and forage production. Bare soil and litter were higher in open system at seeding. Carrying capacity was higher in the closed system at seeding. Stoking rates in the closed system at flowering were higher. Indicate that direct effects on different system vegetation characteristics, productivity, caring capacity and stocking rates.References
Abdel- Magid, A.H., Schuman, G.E., Hart, R.H., 1987. Soil bulk density and water infiltration as affected by grazing
systems. J. Range Management. 40, 307-309.
Africover, 2004. Sudan Spatial Aggregated Map, Afrikaner Project, FAO, Rome, Italy.
Andrew, M.H., Noble, I.R., Lange, R.T., 1979. Anon-destructive method for estimating the
weight of forage on shrubs. Australia. Rangeland. I.J.I,225-231.
Beruk, Y., 2000. Livestock feed resource status of Afar Region. Pastorals and Agropastoralism: which way forward.
Proceedings of the 8th annual conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production. 24-26 August 2000,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Cook, R.H., Fadlalla, 1987. Seasonal variation in plasma phosphorus level of sheep in Kordofan, Sudan. Tropical
Animal. H1th.prod. 19,57-62.
Coppock, D.L., 1994. The Borana Blateau of Southern Ethiopia: Synthesis of Pastoral Research, Development and
Change, 1980-1991. ILCA (International livestock Center for Africa), Ethiopia Addis Ababa.
CSA, 1994. (Central Statistical Authority), National population and housing census. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Darag, A.A., 1996. Community based rangeland rehabilitation project. Gerigekh rural council Bara province, North
Kordofan Administration, Sudan.
Darag, A.A., Suleiman, M.M., 1988. Training course in range management and improvement. Range and pasture
Admin, Khartoum, Sudan.
Dawit, A., 2000. Pastoralist and pastoral production system. In: Pastoralist and Agropastoralism: which way
forward. Proceedings of the 8th annual conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal production. 24- 26
August 2000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
El-Hag, A.M., 2009. Collection Samples on Range Area, during the seeding stage, (El-Rosa protection), El Kuwei
North Kordofan, Sudan.
El-Hag, F.M., 1993. Conserved range grasses for dry season feeding goats in Shiekan Province, north Kordofan,
Sudan, El Obied Agricultural Research Station, Report1,1-2.
El- Wakeel, A.S., Abu-Sabah, M.A ., 1997. Relevance of Mobility to Rangeland Utilization, ILCA (International
Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Fadlella, B., Cook, R.H., 1985. Design and implementation of in-herd/on-range trials: use of sentinel herds. In:
Research methodologies for livestock on-farm trials.
Heady, H.F., 1966. Influence of grazing on the composition of trainer’s grassland in East Africa. Journal. Ecology.
, 705-725.
Harrison, M.N., Jackson, T.K., 1958. Ecological Classification of the Vegetation of Sudan.
Kira, T., Ogawa, H., Shinozaki, K., 1953. Inters a specific competition among higher plants, Competition– density–
yield inter-relationships. Journal of the Institute of Poly Technology, Osaka City University Series D 4, 1-16.
MAR, 2009. Ministry of Animal Resources and Fishers, report. North Kordofan, Sudan.
MAW, 2005. Ministry of Animal Wealth and Fisheries, Animal population report, Khartoum, Sudan.
MFW, 1994. The Ministry of Forests will prepare a report that identifies these authorized AUM levels. “(page37,
CCLUP 90 Day Implementation Report).
Morrison, A., Le Brocque ,A.F., Clarke, P.J., 1995. An assessment of improved. Techniques for estimating the
abundance (frequency) of sedentary organisms. Vegetation 120, 131-145.
Mworia, J.K., Mnene, W.N., Musembi, D.K., Reid, R.S., 1998. Resilience of soils and vegetation subjected to
different grazing intensities in a semi-arid rangeland of Kenya. Afr. J. Range & Forage Sci. 14, 26-31.
Nimer AM 2000 Effect of Acacia Senegal (L.) willd on sandy soils and Assessment of its Foliage Nutrient: case Study
of Demokeya forest, northern Kordofan M.Sc Thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Parker KW and Harris RW 1959 The three steps method for measuring condition and trend of forest ranges: a
resume of its history, development and use. In: Techniques’ and methods.
Pluttar JJ, Knight RW and Heitschmidt RK 1987 Infiltration rate and sediment production. J. Range Management.
, 240-243.
RPA 1996 Range and Pasture Administration, Report on surveying the rangelands in Khartoum, Sudan.
RPA 2005 (Range and Pasture Administration) north Kordofan State. Annual Range Survey Report of measuring
understory vegetation.
Skerman PI 1966 Pasture and Livestock Studies in Kordofan. Special Fund Project Area, north Kordofan State,
Sudan.
Skerman PJ 1977 Tropical Forage Legumes, FAO, plant production and protection series, No.2, FAO, Rome.574p.
Strang CRN 1980 African Pasture Lands Ecology. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN, Rome- Italy.
Steel RCD and Torrie JH 1960 Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw, Hill Book Co. New York (Ends) 454
pp. Stepales, R. R. (1942). Bush control and deferred grazing. E. Africa agriculture journal. 9. 217; 10.43.
Tainton NM 1986 A system for assessing range condition in South Africa. In: Joss PJ, Lynch PW and Williams OB
(eds). Rangelands: a resource under siege.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Rangeland Congress, Australian Academy of Sciences, Canberra, 524.50.
Wilm HG and Costtello DF1944 Estimating forage by double sampling methods. American Society. Argon 36:194-
Wood MK and Blackburn WH 1984 Vegetation and soil responses to cattle grazing systems in the Texas rolling
plains. J. Range Manage. 37, 303-308. 54.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 A.M.M. A. El Hag, A. A. Hassabo, I. Bushara, M. O. Eisa, A.M. M. lazim, I. A. Ishag
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
